Forced migration - including refugees, asylum seekers, and internally displaced persons - represents one of the defining humanitarian and public health challenges of our time. Conflict, political persecution, environmental disaster, and structural instability displace millions globally.
This chapter explores the epidemiology of displacement, including infectious disease risk, malnutrition, maternal health challenges, interrupted vaccination, mental health trauma, and barriers to healthcare access. It examines legal frameworks, humanitarian protection mechanisms, and the responsibilities of host systems.
Forced migration is framed not only as crisis response, but as structural adaptation. Public health must integrate cultural competence, continuity of care, trauma-informed systems, and equitable policy to safeguard displaced populations.
Displacement alters geography - but health rights must remain constant.
Key Takeaways
Forced migration increases exposure to infectious disease, malnutrition, and trauma.
Mental health burden is substantial among displaced populations.
Access to healthcare is often fragmented by legal and structural barriers.
Maternal and child health vulnerabilities are amplified in displacement settings.
Humanitarian coordination and international law shape response capacity.
Trauma-informed, culturally competent care improves outcomes.
Public health systems must ensure continuity and equity in displacement contexts.
